A database running on an appropriately sized Nitro-based EC2 instance needs 100,000 provisioned IOPS on one EBS volume, consistently low latency, and high durability. The required capacity and performance are within the selected io2 configuration's limits. Which volume type is most appropriate?

1. io2 Block Express, configured with the required IOPS and capacity.
2. sc1, because infrequently accessed HDD storage provides the most consistent database latency.
3. gp2, because every gp2 volume can provision 100,000 IOPS independently of size.
4. st1, because a throughput-optimized HDD is designed for maximum random database IOPS.